Abstract Industrial egg residue (IER) possesses substantial concentrations of calcium and crude protein. The objective of this study was to measure the digestibility and performance of broilers when IER was added to the feed. Four treatments were tested, which caused increasing replacement of calcitic limestone by IER (0, 35, 70 and 100%) during a 42-day production cycle. First, total bird excreta were collected from broilers with and without IER, and we determined dry matter digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), calcium, and nitrogen retention. The IER presented 7.5% of crude protein, 31% of calcium, 209 kcal/kg of AME and the digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, and calcium were calculated at 83.95%, 86.20%, and 67%, respectively. After the digestibility test, the effects of IER on performance, carcass and meat yield were evaluated. No significant differences between the treatments were found in terms of performance (weight gain, feed conversion, consumption, and mortality), and no differences were found in terms of carcass or meat yield. A linear decrease in the percentage of abdominal fat was observed with increasing inclusion of IER in feed. These findings suggest that IER can totally replace limestone (calcium carbonate) in broiler diets.

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the use of mixture of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde as a replacement for growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler diets on performance, intestinal quality, organ development, carcass yields and cuts, and meat quality. In the trial were used 600 male chicks, allocated in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replicates of 15 birds, reared up to 41 days of age. The treatments were: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC) 30 mg/kg of virginiamycin, NC+100 mg/kg of essential oils, NC+200 mg/kg of essential oils and NC+400 mg/kg of essential oils. Essential oils were composed by a micro-encapsulated blend, with of 60% cinnamaldehyde, 30% carvacrol and 10% carrier. Birds received essential oils achieved performance equivalent to those birds received PC diets, having better development than NC broilers. No differences were found on relative organ weight, intestinal mucosa and meat quality parameters, however, higher villus:cript ratio was found in PC, NC+200 and NC+400 groups. Meat crude protein and yellowness were influenced by inclusion of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde. It was concluded microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde can replace growth-promoting antibiotic in broiler diets, ensuring performance, intestinal integrity and broiler meat quality.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Se realizaron dos experimentos en un beneficiadero en Brasil, dirigido a la evaluación de las lesiones en la piel de cerdo y la canal en la área de espera del beneficiadero y destinado a evaluar los efectos de glucosa (G), bicarbonato de sodio (SB) y vitamina E (VE) añadida al agua durante el ayuno antes de la masacre en el rendimiento de la canal, de órganos y la calidad de la carne. Materiales y métodos. En primer ensayo incluyó a 1.000 cerdos, observados en la zona de descanso del beneficiadero hasta la entrada en el área del aturdimiento. En el segundo ensayo se utilizaron 500 animales en el último día antes del beneficio, en un diseño experimental incluyendo diez repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: agua; 50 g/L G; 50 g/L G + 200 mg/L VE; 75 g/L G; 75 g/L G + 200 mg VE; 0.45% SB; 0.45% SB + 200 mg/L VE; 0.55% SB; 0.55% SB + 200 mg/L VE; 200 mg/L of VE. Resultados. Los rendimiento de la canal y de órganos no se vieron afectados por los tratamientos. La adición de 0.55 % SB + 200 mg VE redujo el pH final de la carne, y de 0.45 % SB reduce el valor de pigmento rojo. Conclusiones. Los principales casos de lesiones en la piel y la canal de cerdos se deben a peleas. La adición de los nutrientes en el agua de bebida no afectó a la carcasa, el rendimiento vísceras y calidad de la carne.

ABSTRACT Objective. Two experiments were conducted on a slaughterhouse located in Brazil, which the first aimed at evaluating the injuries on pig skin and carcass resulting from slaughterhouse waiting area management and the second aimed at assessing how glucose (G), sodium bicarbonate (SB) and vitamin E (VE) added to water during pre-slaughter fasting may affect carcass yield, organ relative weight and pork meat quality characteristics. Materials and methods. First trial included 1000 pigs, which were observed in the slaughterhouse resting area until the moment they entered the stunning process area. In the second trial were used 500 animals distributed on the last pre-slaughter day in a completely randomized design, including ten treatments and ten replicates. The treatments were: water; 50 g/L G; 50 g/L G + 200 mg/L of VE; 75 g/L of G; 75 g/L of G + 200 mg VE; 0.45% SB; 0.45% SB + 200 mg/L of VE; 0.55% SB; 0.55% SB + 200 mg/L of VE; 200 mg/L of VE. Results. Carcass yield and relative organ weight were not affected by treatments. The addition of 0.55% SB + 200 mg VE reduced the final pH of meat, and of 0.45% SB reduced the red pigment intensity. Conclusions. The main occurrences of injuries to the skin and carcass of pigs are due to fights. Also, adding glucose, sodium bicarbonate, and vitamin E to diet did not affect the carcass and viscera yield and meat quality.